Scientists from the Biochemistry Division, National Institute of Nutrition, Hyderabad, in India, found that amla is able to block a chemical called aldose reductase, which has been heavily implicated in causing cataracts in diabetic patients (Mol Vis. 2004 Mar 12;10:148-54).
Several animal studies have shown that amla can help prevent a toxic build-up of heavy metals – caused by frequent exposure to metals like aluminium, lead and nickel. When vitamin C alone was used – equivalent to that found in amla fruit – only partial protection from heavy metals was provided.
However, when the whole amla fruit was used almost complete protection was achieved. This indicates that it is the combined action of the various ingredients found in the fruit that effectively helps shield DNA from heavy metal poisoning (Dhir, H.A. Agarwal; A. Sharma, and G. Talukder. Cancer Letters 59.9 18, 1991; Giri, A.K. Cytologia 51, pp 375-380, 1986).
Clinical studies were conducted to investigate the effect of Amalaki in amlapitta (gastritis syndrome). Amalaki churna was given in 20 cases in a dose of 3g., thrice a day for seven days. The drug was found effective in 85 per cent of cases. Cases of hyperchlorhydria with burning sensation in abdominal and cardiac regions and epigastric pain were benefited.
Scientists at the Division of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, India, evaluated the efficacy of Amla fruit against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and thioacetamide (TAA) induced changes in rat liver. Chronic treatment of CCl4 and TAA revealed abnormal histopathology indicative of pre-fibrogenic events. Extract of Amla reversed such alterations with significant regenerative changes suggestive of its preventive role in prefibrogenesis of liver. (Reversal of hepatotoxin-induced pre-fibrogenic events by Emblica officinalis--a histological study.Mir AI, Kumar B, Tasduq SA, Gupta DK, Bhardwaj S, Johri RK. Division of Pharmacology, Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, (Formerly Regional Research Laboratory), Jammu-Tawi 180 001, India.)
Evidence Based Complement Alternat Med. 2008 Sep;5(3):329-335.
Chondroprotective Potential of Fruit Extracts of Phyllanthus emblica in Osteoarthritis.
Sumantran VN, Kulkarni A, Chandwaskar R, Harsulkar A, Patwardhan B, Chopra A, Wagh UV.
Interactive Research School for Health Affairs (IRSHA), Bhartiya Vidyapeeth Deemed University Medical College Campus, Dhankawadi, Pune 411043, Director, Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, Pune University, Pune 411007 and Director, Center for Rheumatic Diseases, Camp, Pune 411001, India.
Abstract
There is a need for effective nutraceuticals for osteoarthritis care. The fruit of Phyllanthus emblica is used as a powerful rejuvenator in Ayurvedic medicine. This study measured the chondroprotective potential of P. emblica ('Amalaki') fruits in vitro. We used aqueous extracts of unprocessed P. emblica fruit powder (powder A), and the powder obtained after hot water extraction and drying of powder A (powder B). Chondroprotection was measured in three different assay systems. First, we tested the effects of both fruit powders on the activities of the enzymes hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2. Second, an in vitro model of cartilage degradation was set-up with explant cultures of articular knee cartilage from osteoarthritis patients. Cartilage damage was assayed by measuring glycosaminoglycan release from explants treated with/without P. emblica fruit powders. Aqueous extracts of both fruit powders significantly inhibited the activities of hyaluronidase and collagenase type 2 in vitro. Third, in the explant model of cartilage matrix damage, extracts of glucosamine sulphate and powder B (0.05 mg/ml) exhibited statistically significant, long-term chondroprotective activity in cartilage explants from 50% of the patients tested. This result is important since glucosamine sulphate is the leading nutraceutical for osteoarthritis. Powder A induced a statistically significant, short-term chondroprotective activity in cartilage explants from all of the patients tested. This is the first study to identify and quantitate new chondroprotective activities of P. emblica fruits. These data provide pilot pre-clinical evidence for the use of P. emblica fruits as a chondroprotective agent in osteoarthritis therapy.
PMID: 18830448 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]PMCID: PMC2529383Free PMC Article
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Expression and purification of recombinant human alpha(1)-proteinase inhibitor and its single amino acid substituted variants in Escherichia coli for enhanced stability and biological activity.
Agarwal S, Jha S, Sanyal I, Amla DV.
J Biotechnol. 2010 Mar 25.
PMID: 20346993 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Antioxidant activity and polyphenol content in edible wild fruits from Nepal.
Chalise JP, Acharya K, Gurung N, Bhusal RP, Gurung R, Skalko-Basnet N, Basnet P.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2010 Feb 26.
PMID: 20187713 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
Spermatotoxic effect of ochratoxin and its amelioration by Emblica officinalis aqueous extract.
Chakraborty D, Verma R.
Acta Pol Pharm. 2009 Nov-Dec;66(6):689-95.
PMID: 20050533 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Antinociceptive property of Emblica officinalis Gaertn (Amla) in high fat diet-fed/low dose streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy in rats.
Kumar NP, Annamalai AR, Thakur RS.
Indian J Exp Biol. 2009 Sep;47(9):737-42.
PMID: 19957886 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of the alkaloids of Amlaki (Emblica officinalis).
Rahman S, Akbor MM, Howlader A, Jabbar A.
Pak J Biol Sci. 2009 Aug 15;12(16):1152-5.
PMID: 19899327 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
The protective role of amla (Emblica officinalis Gaertn.) against fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in a rat model.
Kim HY, Okubo T, Juneja LR, Yokozawa T.
Br J Nutr. 2010 Feb;103(4):502-12. Epub 2009 Nov 2.
PMID: 19878614 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
[The effect of gallic acid extracted from leaves of Phyllanthus emblica on apoptosis of human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7404 cells]
Zhong ZG, Huang JL, Liang H, Zhong YN, Zhang WY, Wu DP, Zeng CL, Wang JS, Wei YH.
Zhong Yao Cai. 2009 Jul;32(7):1097-101. Chinese.
PMID: 19873740 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Adulticidal and larvicidal efficacy of some medicinal plant extracts against tick, fluke and mosquitoes.
Bagavan A, Kamaraj C, Elango G, Abduz Zahir A, Abdul Rahuman A.
Vet Parasitol. 2009 Dec 23;166(3-4):286-92. Epub 2009 Sep 20.
PMID: 19819626 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Apoptosis of human primary osteoclasts treated with molecules targeting nuclear factor-kappaB.
Piva R, Penolazzi L, Borgatti M, Lampronti I, Lambertini E, Torreggiani E, Gambari R.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009 Aug;1171:448-56. Review.
PMID: 19723088 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Phyllaemblicin B inhibits Coxsackie virus B3 induced apoptosis and myocarditis.
Wang YF, Wang XY, Ren Z, Qian CW, Li YC, Kaio K, Wang QD, Zhang Y, Zheng LY, Jiang JH, Yang CR, Liu Q, Zhang YJ, Wang YF.
Antiviral Res. 2009 Nov;84(2):150-8. Epub 2009 Aug 20.
PMID: 19699238 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Type I pro-collagen promoting and anti-collagenase activities of Phyllanthus emblica extract in mouse fibroblasts.
Chanvorachote P, Pongrakhananon V, Luanpitpong S, Chanvorachote B, Wannachaiyasit S, Nimmannit U.
J Cosmet Sci. 2009 Jul-Aug;60(4):395-403.
PMID: 19691935 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Computational and synthetic studies on the cyclometallation reaction of dimethylbenzylamine with [IrCl2Cp*]2: role of the chelating base.
Boutadla Y, Davies DL, Macgregor SA, Poblador-Bahamonde AI.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Aug 14;(30):5887-93. Epub 2009 Jun 24.
PMID: 19623389 [PubMed]
Mechanisms of C-H bond activation: rich synergy between computation and experiment.
Boutadla Y, Davies DL, Macgregor SA, Poblador-Bahamonde AI.
Dalton Trans. 2009 Aug 14;(30):5820-31. Epub 2009 Jun 10.
PMID: 19623381 [PubMed]
Identification of volatile components in Phyllanthus emblica L. and their antimicrobial activity.
Liu X, Zhao M, Luo W, Yang B, Jiang Y.
J Med Food. 2009 Apr;12(2):423-8.
PMID: 19459747 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Emblica officinalis protects against alcohol-induced liver mitochondrial dysfunction in rats.
Reddy VD, Padmavathi P, Varadacharyulu NCh.
J Med Food. 2009 Apr;12(2):327-33.
PMID: 19459733 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Modulatory role of Emblica officinalis fruit extract against arsenic induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice.
Sharma A, Sharma MK, Kumar M.
Chem Biol Interact. 2009 Jun 15;180(1):20-30. Epub 2009 Feb 3.
PMID: 19428342 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Effect of Emblica officinalis (Gaertn) on lens regeneration in the frog, Rana cyanophlyctis (Schneider).
Banot J, Lata G, Jangir OP, Sharma M, Rathore VS, Saini SK, Nagal A.
Indian J Exp Biol. 2009 Mar;47(3):157-62.
PMID: 19405379 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Anti-Coxsackie Virus B3 Norsesquiterpenoids from the Roots of Phyllanthus emblica.
Liu Q, Wang YF, Chen RJ, Zhang MY, Wang YF, Yang CR, Zhang YJ.
J Nat Prod. 2009 Apr 17.
PMID: 19374435 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]
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